Biological breeding is the process of cultivating new biological varieties using principles of genetics, cell biology, modern biotechnology, and other methods. Agricultural breeding has gone through three eras: primitive breeding, traditional breeding, and molecular breeding. At the end of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st century, with the cross fusion of cutting-edge sciences such as genomics, systems biology, synthetic biology, and computational biology, modern biological breeding technologies emerged to cultivate revolutionary and disruptive major varieties. The most representative technologies include whole genome selection, gene editing, and synthetic biology.